Sage Kapila teaches Sage Sumarashmi the true path of salvation and attaining of Supreme Lord
After
Yudhisthira was crowned as King of Hastinapur, Lord Krishna freed amazing
Bhishma from all of his sufferings before his death and asked him to alleviate
Yudhisthira from mourning over the lifeless Kshatriyas by the way of advising
him on Dharma. Yudhishthira requested his Pitamaha that whilst not harming the
living beings, which is the yoga that enables human beings to obtain the six
gunas, and both happiness and salvation and he additionally desired to
understand which religion is higher between Grihastha and Yoga. Bhishma
while emphasizing the authenticity of each Grihastha and Yoga Dharma to be
very hard and of good fortune, gave an example of an historical record in the
shape of dialogue among Maharishi Kapila and Sumarashmi, who was presented
within ‘Gau’ or cow. Let us understand about it quick.
We've heard
that in the past, King Nahusha considered the discipline of Vedas to be
ancient, and everlasting and thought of seizing a cow for Tvashta visiting his
residence. At that time, Kapilamuni, who was mounted in Sattva, was virtuous,
generous-minded and knowledgeable and saw that cow who was selected for the
Tvashta. Then Maharishi Kapila, simplest once said this much, “Oh Veda! People who
do such crime to your name.” At that point, a sage named Sumarashmi entered the
cow and said to sage Kapila, “if you doubt the authenticity of Vedas, then on
what basis can different scriptures be considered proper? Ascetic, patient,
sages with the vision of Vedas and science consider Vedas to be the breathless
voice of God who is eternally knowledgeable. Why are you pronouncing contrary
words about the Vedas, which are flowed out of the breath of the Supreme Lord,
who is without craving, without feeling, selfless and without all forms of
beginnings?”
Kapila stated, “I neither criticize Vedas nor do I ever tell contrary things to them. The actions of human beings in various ashrams have an identical cause. A sannyasi can achieve the supreme kingdom or can also go in vanaprastha. Grihastha and brahmachari - both of them can also reap identical fame. The four ashrams are taken into consideration to be the four everlasting paths called Devayana. Which is larger and smaller, strong or susceptible - these are made as consistent with their fruits. Understanding this, one must start all of the works, this is the Vedic belief. Elsewhere, this principled Shruti is also heard that one has to not even start karma. Because if you do not begin the work of killing and so on., in a Yajna, one does not get the blame and if one does it, receives great guilt. In one of these situations, it is very tough to understand the strength of the Vedas. Other than the Vedas if any fruit of the scripture describing violence aside from non-violence appears to be seen even by logic or you are experiencing, then tell it truly.
Together with
the Ritviks and the Dakshinas, they all perform the Yajna. The yajaman collects
all these things and performs the ritual of yajna. All people in the past have
been engaged in the ritual of sacrifice in the same way. The previous and
greater forefathers have considered a lot of these substances as a part of the
sacrifice, so which learned guy will never pick any sacrifice for himself in
step with his power.
The ritual
of Yajna is his duty - considering that he who performs the yajna without
having any choice, he neither knows violence, nor does hatred towards anyone,
nor does he start any action with arrogance. Most of these Yajnas described in
the Yajna Shastra are systematically used within the Yajna and hold each other.
I see the Amnaya (Dharmasastra) said via the sages, in which all of the Vedas
are enshrined. Because of the sight of the sentences of the Brahmanical textual
content which induces action in it, the learned men do not forget that
scripture to be authentic. Yajna has emerged from the Brahmanical part of the
Vedas. That yajna is offered to Brahmins simplest. Behind the sacrifice of the
whole world, there is always fulfilment. This is the root
motive of Veda. That ‘Om’ and ‘Namah’, ‘Svaha’, ‘Svadha’ and ‘Vashat’-these
verses are used within the Yajna, and the Yajna of that person gets done.
Rigveda, Yajurveda,
Samveda and the prescribed stobhas – these kinds of in which they are a gift,
they have the right to be known as dvija in this global. Brahman! You know the
fruit that comes from performing Agnyadhan, Agnihotra and Somayaga, and the result obtained by way of acting different remarkable sacrifices. Every dvija
must carry out the Yajna without any thought and get it executed. A person who
performs a sacrifice with the aid of the heavenly approach attains
exquisite heavenly fruit after renunciation. It is positive that neither this
world nor heaven is pleasing to such men who do not carry out Yajna."
Kapila said,
“Sannyasis who follow the rules of Yama, by taking shelter of the path of
knowledge, attain to the Supreme Soul. They consider this visual phenomenon to
be mortal. There's no hindrance in his movement in all the worlds. They do not
get distracted by way of the temperature and do not bow down to anyone and
neither do give blessings. Not only this, even those learned guys aren't bound
by way of desires. Unfastened from all sins, being pure and natural, he roams
everywhere. They have a firm dedication of their intelligence for the attainment
of salvation and the renunciation of everything. They are ready for the
meditation of Brahman. Being the form of Brahman, they reside in Brahman most
effective. They get those eternal worlds, in which there's a complete absence
of grief and sorrow and where there is no vision of Rajoguna (Kama, Anger and
so on.). Having attained that supreme gati, what's the need for them to live
within the Grihastha-ashrama and follow the religions here?”
Sumarashmi
said, “If attaining expertise and becoming established in the supreme Brahman
is the ultimate limit of effort, if that is the best movement, then the
importance of householder-dharma increases even greater. Because without the
assistance of the householders, no ashram can run and neither can it provide the
loyalty of knowledge. Other ashrams survive simplest by taking safe haven of
the householder's ashram. The householder plays the Yajna, the householder does
the penance. Whatever attempt a man makes - anything good deeds he conducts,
the root reason for that religion is the grihastha-ashrama. All living beings
revel in happiness from the production of descendants.
Kush and
many others. Grass, Paddy-barley etc., different medicines originating outside
the city and the medicines that are used on the mountain, the origin of all of
them is also Grihastha-Ashram because there's the beginning of Parjanya
(cloud) from the Yajna there, from which rain is produced and by which
weeds-creeper, medicines are developed. Medicines that are life forms. People who
are without faith, best subtle vision, restless, lazy, and troubled by means of
previous moves, it's far from the ignorant guys who take the safe haven of the path
of sannyasa and see the lack of peace in the household.
The eternal
restriction of Vedic religion is the benefactor. The brahmin is revered and is
respected by all considering the fact that his birth. The Vedas are recited
before conception in all three varnas – Brahmin, Kshatriya and Vaishya. Then
in cosmic and transcendental works, there is certainly a tendency of these
Vedic mantras. During the cremation of the deceased, in reincarnating the body, performing day by day tarpana and shraddha for the dignity of the deceased, donating cows or different animals for the cause of Vaitarni and the bodies are given in the Shradha ceremony. Vedic mantras are also used for immersion in
water – the root of all these works is the Vedas.
Archismata,
Barhishada and Kavyavaha Sangnaka Pitra additionally permit the recitation of
mantras for the lifeless person’s happiness, peace and fame. Mantra is the
cause of all religions. It is only the ones Veda-mantras when calling out and saying that human beings are indebted from the birth of gods, ancestors and sages.
Then how can all of us achieve salvation without repayment of those debts by
staying in the Grihastha? Lazy sages have attained salvation via renunciation
of actions. The brahmin plays the rituals of Yajnas according to the Vedas, he
cannot be affected by sins and neither can sin entice him. He might visit the
higher virtuous worlds with the sacrifices he executed along with the animals
useful in it. Through disrespecting the Vedas, by means of arrogance and
deceit, no guy attains the supreme Soul.”
Kapila
stated, “For a wise man, there is a regulation for the rituals of Darsha,
Poornamas, Agnihotra and Chaturmasya etc. Because they have the significance of
Sanatana Dharma. But individuals who, having accepted the sannyasa faith, have
retired from rituals and are steadfast, pious and situated in the form of
Brahman, satisfy the deities best with the knowledge of Brahman. Those who
are located within the soul shape of all beings and see all beings with the
Self, who do not have any special status, those who are seeking the footprints
of the sensible guy, the deities also trace their motion get fascinated on the
direction.
The hands
and feet, speech, abdomen and appearance of humans are the four doors. Desire is
their gatekeeper. In keeping with the scriptures, with the restraint of those four
gates, he attains the four faces containing Rig, Yajuh, Sama, and Atharva- the
supreme personality of Godhead by the four methods: Bhakti-yoga, Jnana-yoga, and Karma-yoga and Ashtanga-yoga. A wise man has to no longer gamble, do no longer
take cash from others, do not take food prepared by a lowly man, and do not
kill all people in anger – by doing this his hands and feet are protected. Do
not abuse anyone, do not speak in vain, do not slander or criticize others, be
reticent, speak truthful phrases and always be cautious about this - via doing
this the door of the senses of speech is protected. Do not fast, but do not eat
too much, do not constantly crave meals. Make friends and put as much meal in the stomach as is vital for subsistence – this protects the stomach. Live
with his wife, not with a foreign female, do not invite his spouse to make love with him till she has passed her periods, and be dedicated to his only spouse in his
heart. By doing this, his Upastha gate can be protected. The wise guy whose
presence, abdomen, hands and feet and speech - these kinds of doorways are
completely protected. He's absolutely a Brahmin. Whose doors are not secure,
all his correct deeds are fruitless, what can be the benefit of such someone by
penance, sacrifice and self-contemplation?
The one who
has only a loincloth in the name of clothes, not even a sheet to cover, who
sleeps without a bed, puts his arms as his pillow and continually remains calm, is considered a brahmin by the deities. The sage who lives alone
thankfully amid all the dualities of cold and warmth, and does not
think about others, is considered via the deities to be a brahmin. The one who
has the knowledge of the impermanence of the complete universe, who is
acquainted with nature and its vices, and who has the know-how of the movement
of all beings, is considered by the deities to be Brahmagnani. The one who's
fearless of all beings, from whom all beings do not fear, and who is the soul
of all beings, is considered to be the Brahmin. However foolish humans do not
approve of the end result of yoga etc. Except for the fruits of charity and
Yajna-karma. Due to not knowing the importance of all those means of salvation,
they are only interested in different fruits like heaven and so forth.
But taking
safe haven of that Purana, eternal and yogic virtuous conduct, the austerity of
the sages who are committed in their duties and deeds gets progressively more
intense. Human beings taking marg of Pravritti cannot carry out the Yama-niyama
rituals as said inside the sutras of Yoga Shastra. That yogic ethic is
non-objectionable, non-verbal. It doesn't get to be defeated by way of lovemaking.
Within the Yoga Shastra, karma is said to give the best effects, and progress and
is permanent. Even then, human beings of Pravritti marg bear in mind those to
be without virtues and unstable. It is very tough to understand the character
and the law and order of the virtues which are Yajna. Even after understanding
it, it is even harder to perform their rituals.”
Sumarashmi
said, “Lord! How can the authenticity of the Vedas preaching 'do action' and
'leave action', which are two clear paths in conflict, be maintained? And how
does renunciation succeed?”
Kapila
stated, “you can directly see the fruit of the path of yoga right here through
staying on the direction of virtues. However by staying on the route of Karma,
the sacrifice which you worship, what direct result is acquired here?”
Sumarashmi
stated, “Brahman! My name is Sumarashmi. I have come here with the desire to
acquire knowledge. Keeping the desire for welfare, I have presented my words in
your service with an easy feeling, not with the desire for debate. A terrible
doubt has arisen in my mind, only you could clear it. You said that you could
directly see the fruit of the course of yoga right here by staying on the
Virtuous route. I ask, what is the most visible end result of the one you
worship here?
In whichever
ashram, whatever religion is prescribed, that same religion must be worshipped
there. At that place. Simply as a boat going to one place is tied to a boat
going to another place, if it is taken away via the water, it cannot take
anyone to the destination, in addition how our karma-formed boat, certain by
the desire of the actions of the previous birth, will bring unintelligible men
like us throughout the sea of the universe? Lord! I have
come below your safe haven, you preach to me. There is no renouncer on
this global, neither contented nor sorrowless nor diseaseless. Neither guy is
absolute without the desire to act, nor without attachment, nor is he completely
renounced via movement. You too express joy and sorrow like us. Like all living
beings, words, touch and so forth are present and accepted earlier than you. In this way, the human beings of all the four Varnas and ashrams take safe haven of
the only happiness in all the tendencies – making it their goal. So in
principle, tell what's the renewable happiness.”
Kapila said,
"Whosoever scripture, whatever the meaning of which one conducts, he
becomes successful in all Pravritti." wherever the ritual is carried out,
there may be the attainment of inexhaustible happiness. One that follows knowledge, destroys all his worldly bonds. Pravrtti without knowledge destroys the
people by putting them in the cycle of birth and death. You all are smart, and healthy from all sides. However, have any of you attained ekatmata at any point
in time? (whilst the life of the unique soul i.e. Brahman is realized
everywhere, then it is referred to as the knowledge of ekatmata.) No longer
knowing the scriptures in truth, a few human beings have come to be under ego
due to being overwhelmed through anger and hatred because of the power of
Vitandavada. Due to not understanding the genuine meaning of the scriptures,
they are referred to as Shastradasyus (robbers who rob the meaning of the
scriptures). They constantly see and keep in mind the method like Sama-Dama and
so on to be fruitless. They do not seek knowledge, opulence, virtues etc..
Tamo guna is the largest supporter of these tamoya body men. Hate, lust, anger,
conceit, untruth and insanity – these nature-born characteristics are
constantly present in individuals who are of that nature only. The restrained,
who wish to achieve the ultimate gati, therefore renounces both good and bad
after thinking.”
Sumarashmi
said, “Brahmin! Everything that I have stated here is propounded from the
scriptures. Because without knowing the meaning of the scriptures, one no
longer has any tendency to do any work. Anything is just conducted, this is
all scripture, such as the Shruti statement. By way of violating the orders
of the scriptures, no tendency can be successful, this is the decision of the
scholars. All this is against the Vedic words and is unscriptural. Many people are
the ones who believe in the genuine. They hold an eye fixed on Ihloka and become independent from the scriptures. The scriptures do not see faults, and
they grieve by means of taking safe haven of non-Vedicism, just as we grieve. Knowledgeable
human beings like you, like all animals, revel in the objects of the senses. For
this reason, the people engaged in the inclinations of the four varnas and
ashrams take refuge in the simplest happiness and only want to get it. Among them,
humans like us who're ignorant of enlightenment minded in trivial subjects and
Surrounded by Tamo. You are successful and efficient in resting so that you
have introduced us to peace from the thoughts via telling the eternity of
salvation as a universal principle. One who is secluded such as you, yogic,
conqueror of deeds and mind, and who can move in all guidelines by resorting to
mere alms for the protection of the body or its safety, who has renounced
the law of justice and who considers the entire globe to be without being
perishable, such most effective a person can take refuge of the Veda-sentences
and say that there is salvation. Consistent with the householder's work, which
is related to the maintenance of the family and which is the form of charity,
self-study, Yajna, child production and constantly behaving in a simple and
gentle spirit, a lot of these are very hard for human beings. Even after doing
these kinds of deeds, if nobody receives any accomplishment, then the doer is
damned. Shame on his work and the hard work that went into it was in vain. If
rituals are left meaningless, then it will be atheism and disregard for
Vedas; So Lord! I want to hear how the rituals could be done without problems and with the aid of the seeker of salvation.”
Kapila
stated, “Sumarashmi! There is proof for all the worlds. Consequently, the Vedas
were not omitted. Types of Brahman should be understood - Shabdbrahman (Vedas)
and Parabrahman (Sachchidanandghan Paramatma). Someone who's properly-versed in
Shabdabrahman (having turned out to be purified through the rituals of Vedokta
deeds), attains the Parabrahman. The body of the child which the parents
give birth to via the method of the idea, they perform the rites of that body of
that child. In this manner one whose body is purified via Vedic rites, he's
eligible for knowledge of Brahman.
For those who,
considering their dharma (duty), carry out such rituals without any sort of
desire, the fruit of that yajna isn't always recognized by the Vedas or the
history. It is observable and all of us see it with our very own eyes. Those
who renounce what they've received, shunning all varieties of greed, who are
free from miserliness and intuition, and thinking that is the great manner
to use wealth, supply charity to the worthy souls, never take safe haven of
sinful deeds and are constantly engaged in the way of Karma Yoga, their
thoughts obtain Siddhi and they get a firm determination about the supreme
Brahman in the shape of pure knowledge. They do not get angry with anyone, they
don't have any blame, They live far away from ego and matsarya, they have got
allegiance within the way of knowledge, their birth, deeds and learning-all
three are pure and they are ready for the benefit of all beings.
In the past,
many brahmins and kings have emerged as such that, while staying in the
householder's ashram, without sacrificing their respective karmas, they have
been systematically engaged in them with a selfless spirit and had an equal vision
of all beings. They were simple, Happy, knowledgeable, dedicated to the direct
fruits of the Dharma, had a natural mind and had faith in both Shabdabrahman
and Parabrahman. They used to purify their thoughts by following the vital
rules and had been prepared to carry out the rituals together even if they fell
in difficult and inaccessible locations. Those erstwhile men who performed non-secular rituals in a union were only happy in it and did not need to make any
form of atonement. They were considered very ambitious simplest by way of
taking safe haven from the reality. They did not sin at all, and even
while the event of death was present, they did not use deceit in the matter of
religion. For those whose heart is weak, sins are committed by them and for them, a
provision of atonement has been made. In this manner, many brahmins used to
perform yajna in the past. They were wealthy, pious, virtuous and successful in
the know-how of Vedas. Those learned men, being freed from the bondage of
desires, used to worship God through Yajnas every day. Those sacrifices, the study
of Vedas and different activities were performed according to the scriptures. They'd
given up lust and anger. Their deeds were very difficult to bring into practice
for others. In their heart, in due course of time, understanding of scripture
and satsankalpa used to rise step by step. They were greatly well-liked for
their excellent deeds. They were natural-minded, easy, peace-loving and
self-righteous by means of nature. All Their precise deeds were going to give
the end result of salvation. Their penance had taken a extreme shape. They
practised awesome virtues and got the end result of the ancient, everlasting
and imperishable Brahman.
How many
people are unable to practice the slightest subtlety in religions. In truth,
Vedok's ethics and faith are free from objection. There's neither pride in it nor there is no defeat. In the earlier times, when all of the Varnas were born,
there was no disharmony in the situation of the ashram. Thereafter the
identical ashram was divided into four components. The nice men enter all those
ashrams by regulation and observe their dharma and achieve a splendid state. Some
of them attain the best status with the aid of leaving home (that is, being a
sannyasi), a few by taking safe haven of Vanaprastha, some by staying as a human
householder and some by taking celibacy ashram and following that ashrama
dharma. At that point only those dwijas seem within the sky in the form of
light, just like the constellations, many stars in exceptional places of the
sky - they all have attained this infinite position thru contentment, such as the Vedic principle.
If such
pious souls ever once more come or take birth inside the karmic-powered yonis
of the world, then they do not bask in sinful activities with regards to that
yoni. In an equal way, simplest a brahmin who is ready in the service of the
Guru, who is celibate, determined and yogic may be excellent. Other types
of brahmins apart from him are considered to be low-grade brahmins. In this
way, precise or inauspicious actions determine the title of a person
accordingly. Whose passion and hatred craving has long gone out of mind, who's
natural from outside and whose mind is concerned in well-being, in keeping with
those philosophical men, the whole thing had become Brahmaswaroop due to the
influence of infinite knowledge of Brahman and expertise of scriptures.
Sama, Dama,
Uparati, Titiksha, Shraddha and Samadhan, which are the Upanishad-Vidya this is
associated with the Brahman, are common to the people of all Varnas. But most
effective those who are self-aware and austere-Siddha celibate, are
usually capable of doing the means of that dharma. It is contentment whose
happiness is the root, whose renunciation is the nature, which is said to be
the safe haven of knowledge, in which the mind of salvation - the attitude of
realization of Brahman is continually vital - That sannyasa-ashram form of
religion is the Sanatana. There is ultimate welfare for all the wanderers who go on
this route; however, the weak one – due to no longer controlling the mind
and the senses, who are incapable of its means, sits here restlessly. One
who's pure from outside and inside becomes free from worldly bondage by
studying the Brahmapada.”
Sumarashmi
requested, “Brahmin! Individuals who experience only via the money acquired,
individuals who provide charity, those who use that cash in yajna and those who
do self-study or who take shelter of renunciation, who amongst them is the
first to triumph over the heavenly global after dying?”
Kapila
stated, “All such possessions are auspicious for those who have manifested
themselves through the virtues of sattvik, but none of them has been capable
of getting the happiness that is in renunciation.”
Sumarashmi
requested, “Lord! You're knowledgeable and householders are virtuous, but
you're currently rendering the cohesion of all the ashrams in devotion. In this
manner, due to the confusion of the unity and separation of know-how and
action, the exact distinction between them is not understood. That's why you
please inform me about it in a right and accurate manner.”
Kapila said,
“Karma is the purification of the whole and subtle body, however knowledge is
the ultimate shape of motion. While the passions of the thoughts are burnt via
actions, then one becomes mounted in the know-how of the spirit. Mercy,
forgiveness, peace, non-violence, truthfulness, simplicity, obedience,
nonarrogance, Shyness, titiksha and sama-these are the paths of attainment of Parabrahman
Parmatma. One should apprehend via the mind the determination of the actual
result of the action. The Gati which is attained from all sides, that's
peaceful, contented, pure and knowledgeable, is called Paramgati. One who knows
the Vedas and the supreme Brahman precisely is referred to as a Vedaveta.
The clever
guys recognize all of the subjects. Because in Veda, the whole lot is
prestigious. Whatever is there and what isn't, the repute of all has been
given in the Vedas. The simplest belief of all of the scriptures is that
anything that is visible is present in Pratitikala, but isn't there whilst it is
interrupted in the state of the best expertise. In the eyes of the wise guy,
Brahman, the true form, in the beginning, middle and end of this international.
That Brahman is attained only after giving up everything. The same factor has
been fixed in all of the Vedas. He is thrilled with all and hooked up in the
upvarga (moksha) by means of his blissful form. Therefore that Brahman is true,
calm, the known soul of all, the immovable-worldly form, the form of whole
happiness, the best of welfare, the excellent, the unmanifest, of the starting
place of all and imperishable. Like that sky, all guys with knowledge-eyes of
the Asanga, the imperishable and the ever-uniform Tattva, realize through the
auspicious manner of radiance, forgiveness and peace. Salutations to Parabrahma
Parmatma, one who's inseparable from Brahmavetta.”
Ref: Mahabharata book Shanti Parva
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